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Operazionnie ysiliteli ,ZAP/AZP & (продолжение)
milstar: 1941: First (vacuum tube) op-amp An op-amp, defined as a general-purpose, DC-coupled, high gain, inverting feedback amplifier, is first found in US Patent 2,401,779 "Summing Amplifier" filed by Karl D. Swartzel Jr. of Bell labs in 1941. This design used three vacuum tubes to achieve a gain of 90dB and operated on voltage rails of ±350V. ###################################################### It had a single inverting input rather than differential inverting and non-inverting inputs, as are common in today's op-amps. Throughout World War II, Swartzel's design proved its value by being liberally used in the M9 artillery director designed at Bell Labs. ######################################################################### This artillery director worked with the SCR584 radar system to achieve extraordinary hit rates (near 90%) that ####################################################################### would not have been possible otherwise.[3] ########################### http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier
milstar: http://waves.phys.msu.ru/files/docs/2015/thesis/Section4.pdf
milstar: Заявленные для истребителя 6-го поколения радиофотонные РЛС создадут в РФ через пару лет Концерн "РТИ" сообщил, что уже начинает производство лазеров для радиофотонных радаров МОСКВА, 9 июля. /ТАСС/. Радиофотонные радиолокационные станции (РЛС) для беспилотников и самолетов появятся в России уже через несколько лет и позволят строить точное радиолокационное изображение цели, сообщили ТАСС в понедельник в пресс-службе концерна "РТИ". Как сообщалось ранее, радиофотонную РЛС планируется, в частности, устанавливать на российский истребитель шестого поколения. Такая станция будет видеть значительно дальше обычной, не будет перегреваться и сможет строить практически фотографическое изображение цели - ее можно будет распознать в автоматическом режиме. В пресс-службе РТИ отметили, что концерн в 2018 году завершает научно-исследовательскую работу по созданию макета радиофотонного локатора (Х-диапазона). По ее итогам "будет определена принципиальная схема построения радиофотонного локатора", добавили в РТИ, что "через несколько лет позволит выпустить образцы сверхлегких и малоразмерных РЛС для беспилотных летательных аппаратов". Такие радары, отмечают в РТИ, "смогут обеспечить "радиовидение", когда получаемое изображение имеет большую детализацию с возможностью распознать тип цели". В концерне добавили, что такие РЛС будут иметь значительно меньшую массу и габариты и потреблять меньше энергии как на беспилотниках, так и на самолетах. Производство элементов РЛС начинается Радиолокационный сигнал в новом виде станций получается за счет преобразования энергии лазера в фотонном кристалле. В РТИ сообщили, что производство лазеров для таких радаров уже начинается. "Концерн "РТИ" запускает первую в России технологическую линию по производству лазеров для создания перспективных радиофотонных радаров", - сказали в пресс-службе. Как отметил генеральный директор РТИ Максим Кузюк, слова которого приводит пресс-служба, "мы в РТИ добиваемся полной локализации производственного цикла интегральных радиофотонных схем для РЛС, чтобы эффективно участвовать в бурно развивающемся направлении, которое может стать гарантом безопасности страны". Концерн уже несколько лет ведет инициативные работы в области радиофотонных локаторов, компания вложила в разработку порядка 200 млн рублей.
milstar: space rel. http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/adc12dj3200qml-sp.pdf
milstar: http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa617/slaa617.pdf MaximizingSFDRPerformancein the GSPSADC:SpurSourcesand Methodsof Mitigation
milstar: The architecture is optimized for RADAR, Electronic Warfare (EW), Signal Intelligence (SIGINT), Radar Warning Receivers (RWR) and Software Defined Radio applications where high temperature range environments are critical – from -54C to +71C. The VPX3-534 is backed up with GPGPU, SBC, networking and even Intel Xeon D architecture DSP product either as board level or full system level solutions including extensive total lifecycle services for a wide lifetime. https://www.curtisswrightds.com/products/cots-boards/io-communication/analog-io/vpx3-534.html?p=10711 3U VPX Kintex UltraScale FPGA 6 Gsps Transceiver The VPX3-534 combines high-speed multi-channel analog IO, user programmable FPGA processing and local processing in a single 3U VPX slot for direct RF wideband processing to 6 Gsps. This card allows for a high performance single slot transceiver with two 6 Gsps 12bit channels, to over 6 GHz instantaneous analog bandwidth, but can also scale to larger system with many channels. An embedded Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC device supports local processing options and well as high level system interfaces. The efficient design of the VPX3-534 provides adequate cooling for solutions requiring high levels of FPGA performance to over 100W card power.
milstar: he combination targets demanding, rugged applications such as electronic warfare, radar, signal intelligence (SIGINT), and electronic countermeasures (ECM). The FMC can handle dual-channel, 8-bit ADC and 10-bit DAC operation at 6.25 Gsamples/s. The frequency conversion blocks of the ADC and DAC can be extended to 70 GHz with 5 GHz of real-time bandwidth. The TADF-4300 is based on Tektronix’s SiGe-based (silicon germanium) data converters. It supports sampling in the second Nyquist zone. Also, it allows the ADC to analyze signals up to 8 GHz and provides sub-30-ns latency for the ADC. The DAC operates at sub-10-ns rates. The spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) varies over frequency. It surpasses 58 dB up to 3 GHz and decreases to 45 dB above 3 GHz. The effective number of bits (ENOB) varies linearly from 7.2 bits at low frequencies to 6.5 bits at 3 GHz and 6.2 bits at 6 GHz. The module exposes the reference clock on the backplane for multichannel synchronization support, allowing multiple board/module combinations to be connected into a more powerful system. The ADC has built-in calibration. The DAC doesn’t need user calibration. The FMC module uses less than 40 W. https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/boards/article/21796024/deliver-fast-analog-using-vpx-and-fmc
milstar: https://acqiris.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Acqiris_SA220P_Datasheet.pdf
milstar: Figure 3. Improved frequency plan: The IF harmonics are outside the IF band, which means the image filtering is realizable. https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/28-nm-adcs-enable-next-gen-electronic-warfare-rec-sys.html
milstar: system capable of providing up to 6 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth and at least 12 bit signal fidelity, thereby providing over 70 dB of spur-free dynamic range (SFDR), is desired. The bandwidth must be instantaneous, not a scan and tune architecture, in order to capture 100 percent of low-duty cycle signals. The resulting system should allow for the 6 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth to be centered, or tuned anywhere between 3 GHz center frequency (providing DC-6 GHz coverage) or 23 GHz center frequency (providing coverage from 20-26 GHz). ######################################################################## The system should provide real-time recording capability of these signal bandwidths for durations of up to 15 minutes in open file format allowing the files to be ported to a workstation for analysis and manipulation. The current state of the art is a DC-6 GHz bandwidth, 8-bit recording and playback system. Additionally there is a 12-bit system which has 1 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth, with the 1 GHz of bandwidth centered at a frequency tunable from 2 GHz to 26 GHz. That system can be equipped to record signals for over 1 hour but requires substantial hard drive storage. Description: OBJECTIVE: Design and develop an ultra-broadband, high dynamic range receiver system for signal capture, storage, and analysis. DESCRIPTION: Recent technological advances have enabled downconversion and sampling of radio-frequency (RF) signals with high instantaneous bandwidth and fidelity. Applications include recordings of threat signals, jamming waveforms, civilian systems, and other signals of interest for detailed analysis and potential upconversion and playback at RF for replication of these in-the-field collected signals in a laboratory environment. https://www.sbir.gov/node/401673
milstar: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11045-019-00679-y
milstar: http://www.apissys.com/views/media_produit/datasheets/25/Datasheet_AV129web-0.pdf
milstar: https://safe.nrao.edu/wiki/pub/NGVLA/NgVLAWorkshop/Murden_Analog_Device_Ultra_Wideband_.pdf
milstar: Figure 2. Problematic frequency plan: The IF harmonics are within the IF band—this makes the image filtering difficult. First, the RF image frequency is very closely spaced to the operating band requiring a very difficult filter for image suppression. Second, any IF created from the IF amplification stages are in-band and unable to be filtered by the antialiasing filter. https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/28-nm-adcs-enable-next-gen-electronic-warfare-rec-sys.html#
milstar: https://www.annapmicro.com/products/wild-fmc-8a30-adc/
milstar: Free Subscription See the Current Issue Military Embedded Systems Articles Blogs News White Papers Products McHale Report Radar/Electronic Warfare CyberDefense Rpt. Embedded Hardware Embedded Software Signal Processing Unmanned Systems Avionics Design Newsletter Military A.I. …more March 3, 2014 Semtech Announces Ultra-High Speed ADC and DAC for Radar, Advanced Communication Systems Semtech CAMARILLO, Calif., March 3, 2014 -- Semtech Corporation (Nasdaq: SMTC), a leading supplier of analog and mixed-signal semiconductors, today announced that 64GSPS ADC and DAC preliminary cores are available utilizing IBM’s 32nm SOI technology for integration in high performance System on Chip (SoC) solutions. Targeting the requirements of Advanced Communications Systems including the optical communications, radar and electronic warfare markets, these ultra-high speed data converters enable agile operation and concurrent multi-band / multi-beam operation as well as extremely high dynamic performance ideally suited for highly oversampled systems utilizing large instantaneous bandwidth at low power and small areas. The 32nm data converter cores are the first offering in Semtech’s roadmap of data converter cores. The Semtech roadmap includes a family of data converter cores in 14nm FinFET expected to be available end of 2015. “Through leveraging the IBM 32nm SOI process with its unique feature set, we are developing Advanced Cores that we believe are well-suited for meeting the challenges presented by the next step in high performance communications systems such as 400 Gb/s Optical systems and Advanced Radar systems,” said Craig Hornbuckle, Semtech’s Chief Systems Architect. “We are also seeing an expanding range of applications in the existing radio frequency communications marketplace where high-speed digital logic is replacing functions that have been traditionally performed by less flexible analog circuitry." The ADC cores have an area of 4 mm2 and the DAC cores have an area of 2.2 mm2 . The cores include a wide tuning millimeter wave synthesizer enabling the core to tune from 42 to 68 GS/s per channel with a nominal jitter value of 45 femtoseconds root mean square. The full dual-channel 2x64 GS/s ADC core generates 128 billion analog-to-digital conversions per second, with a total power consumption of 2.1 Watts while the dual DAC consumes 1.7 Watts. The cores achieve 5.8 ENOB up to 10 GHz and SFDR greater than 43dB. In addition, the cores contain all necessary BIST and calibration eliminating the need for the user to develop sophisticated production test or mission mode calibration algorithms. http://mil-embedded.com/news-id/?42773=
milstar: As designers use the A/D and D/A converters as bridges between analog and digital data, they also must balance the amount of processing necessary for each realm. "It is always a compromise in the processing you do in the analog part of the world, and processing you do once the data becomes digital," says Andrew Reddig, president and chief technology officer at TEK Microsystems Inc., a high-performance signal processing specialist in Chelmsford, Mass. "It's easy to do lots of manipulations once you get a signal into the digital realm," Reddig explains. "Analog processing is complicated and very expensive." https://www.militaryaerospace.com/computers/article/16721624/military-ad-and-da-converters-come-to-grips-with-a-complex-network-centric-world
milstar: 1.One kind of radar jammer, for example, might have a high priority on speed, at the expense of resolution. Above all, this system may need to detect radar signals quickly so it wastes no time in overwhelming the enemy signal with jamming energy. In this application, it is not so important to characterize the radar signal with fine resolution as it is to detect the radar signal quickly and jam it. ################# 2.Signals intelligence and radio communications, on the other hand, put a priority on high resolution to detect and classify weak signals of interest -- particularly when the desired signals are alongside strong signals or strong sources of noise. ############################################################## In noise and distortion rejection, designers sometimes would like to choose between optimizing for SFDR or SNR. A/D and D/A specialist Analog Devices Inc. in Norwood, Mass., offers the AD 9268 A/D converter that has a dither switch to enable users to choose between optimizing for SFDR and SNR. "It lets the users decide if they want low noise or better spurious performance," says TI's Aparo. ###################### https://www.militaryaerospace.com/computers/article/16721624/military-ad-and-da-converters-come-to-grips-with-a-complex-network-centric-world ################## "We asked one of our customers recently what they want in a perfect world," says TEK Micro's Reddig. "They said take all of the RF [device speed] up to 18 GHz and digitize with enough bits so that everything is digital, and you don't need a tuner or processing at the analog end. A/Ds don't do that yet." ################################# https://www.militaryaerospace.com/computers/article/16721624/military-ad-and-da-converters-come-to-grips-with-a-complex-network-centric-world
milstar: AD9625 12 bit 2.0 GSPS https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD9625.pdf High performance: exceptional SFDR in high sample rate applications, direct RF sampling, and on-chip reference. SINAD 1000 mhz -58 1800-57.2 dbc ENOB 9.3 9.2 SFDR 80 76 dbc IMD -7dbfs 728.5/731.5 mhz -82.8 dbc price 624.75$
milstar: «Цифра-И1-РК» 1 кв. 2020г. «Разработка и освоение серийного производства 16-разрядного аналого-цифрового преобразователя с частотой преобразования до 500 МГц» ADC08D1500, AD9625, AD9780, AD9691 (ф. Analog Devices) https://sktbes.com/okr.html
milstar: План называется "Новые поколения микроэлектроники и создание электронной компонентной базы". Он, в частности, включает разработку чипов с топологическими нормами 65 (55) нм, 28 нм, 14 нм и твердотельных накопителей данных с топологической нормой 25–30 нм. "Ведомости" отмечают, что и то и другое уже используется зарубежными производителями. Из проекта следует, что закупки оборудования у иностранных компаний не предполагаются. Вложения государства оцениваются в 615 млрд рублей, а внебюджетные средства составят 102,6 млрд рублей. Из них на долю самого "Ростеха" приходится 30 млрд. В соответствии с планом, к 2024 году объем экспорта российской микроэлектроники нового поколения должен достигнуть 20,4 млрд рублей, а к 2030 году – 48,8 млрд. Внутренний рынок к 2024 году может составить 466 млрд рублей.
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