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GaAS/GaN MMIC for military/space application (продолжение)
milstar: http://parts.jpl.nasa.gov/mmic/mmic_complete.pdf JPL Publication 96-25 GaAs MMIC Reliability Assurance Guideline forSpace Applications Sammy Kayali Jet Propulsion Laboratory George Ponchak NASA Lewis Research Center Roland Shaw Shason Microwave Corporation Editors December 15, 1996 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California The research described in this publication was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement by the United States Government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.
milstar: https://www.aerodefensetech.com/component/content/article/adt/features/articles/21881?start=1
milstar: SSPA versus TWTA: Is There Room for Both? https://www.satellitetoday.com/innovation/2014/10/31/sspa-versus-twta-is-there-room-for-both/
milstar: RADAR Transmitter Overview Tube and Solid StateLawrence CohenRadar DivisionNaval Research LaboratoryWashington, DC 20375 https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/media/31069/CohenRadarTxOverviewISART2011.pdf
milstar: Transmitter Attributes•Attributes of ideal transmitter–Generate stable, noise-free signal (useful for clutter rejection)–Generate required waveforms to identify target–Generate enough energy to detect target–Provide required bandwidth for transmitted/received signal–High efficiency and reliability–Easily maintained–Low cost of acquisition and operation•Difficult in getting all of this at once!
milstar: https://www.armms.org/media/uploads/06_armms_apr13_rpengelly-pt1.pdf
milstar: http://www.yole.fr/iso_upload/News/2020/PR_RF_GAN_MarketGrowth_YOLE_SYSTEM_PLUS_CONSULTING_May2020.pdf
milstar: he Continuing Role of TWTsAlthough developments in GaN and LDMOS technologies have boosted the power output of solid state amplifiers, TWTs are still the benchmark in performance and efficiency for many applications. For example, for multi-octave high power generation, TMS TWTs are smaller, lighter, and more efficient than equivalent SSPA assemblies https://www.teledynedefenseelectronics.com/mec/Products/Documents/TWT%20Product%20Selection%20Guide.pdf EW and RadarShadow Gridded Helix TWTs for Broadband EW and Radar Applications from L through Ku Bands at Peak Power Levels to 12 kW and Average Power Levels to >700 W.
milstar: https://niiet.ru/product-category/tranzmod/gan/impulse-mode-power-microwave-gan/tng/ https://niiet.ru/product-category/tranzmod/gan/impulse-mode-power-microwave-gan/6p-impulse-mode-power-microwave-gan/ https://niiet.ru/product-category/tranzmod/gan/continuous-mode-power-microwave-gan/pp/ https://niiet.ru/product-category/tranzmod/gan/continuous-mode-power-microwave-gan/6p/ Российские GaN
milstar: К 2016 г. на НПП «Исток» было освоено серийное производство СВЧ-модулей на арсениде галлия, технологии изготовления передних и боковых АФАР переданы на Государственный Рязанский приборный завод. Как показывает мировая практика, дальнейшее развитие АФАР связано с освоением технологии создания приемо-передающих модулей (ППМ) на основе нитрида галлия. К сожалению, как в 2019 г. в интервью журналу «Национальная оборона» отмечал Юрий Белый, на государственном уровне программы по освоению нитрид-галлиевой технологии для ППМ АФАР, которая бы увязывала всю линию, начиная от сырья и дальше по всем технологическим цепочкам, до сих пор нет. В результате по этому направлению Россию сейчас опережают не только США, но и КНР. https://oborona.ru/product/kedrov-ilya/radiolokacionnyj-kompleks-belka-dlya-istrebitelya-su-57-tekhnologicheskij-shedevr-sozdannyj-niip-im-v-v-tihomirova-42234.shtml
milstar: Radar (L, S, C, X, Ku - Band) Today’s advanced radar systems need to be more powerful and have greater functionality to detect a variety of growing global threats. Qorvo® has the largest portfolio of high- performance MMICs and discrete components designed for these applications. We can deliver the products and signal chain expertise you need to maintain the leading edge no matter what frequency band file:///tmp/mozilla_root0/qorvo-high-performance-gan-gaas-solutions-for-defense-aerospace-brochure.pdf
milstar: MELVILLE, N.Y. – Comtech PST Corp. in Melville, N.Y., is introducing the model BMCAP99109-1500 gallium nitride (GaN) solid state power amplifier module for X-band radar applications. The X-band power amplifier operates at frequencies of 9 to 10 GHz, 9.0-10 GHz, and offers typical peak output power of 1500 Watts. The AB linear design features pulse width and duty factor protection as well as thermal and load voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) fault monitoring. The gallium nitride amplifier has an optional digital interface for control and status monitoring, and offers fast blanking and low phase noise. The amplifier offers power gain of 62 decibels nominal; power gain variation of ±2 decibels; pulse width of 0.25 to 100 microseconds; duty cycle of less than 6 percent; pulse droop of less than 0.015 decibels per microsecond; pulse rise & fall time of less than 50 nanoseconds; input VSWR of less than 2:1 output load VSWR of less than 2:1. Related: Gallium nitride RF and microwave amplifier for rugged X-band radar applications introduced by Comtech PST The amplifier has an RF input sample of -15 decibels relative to carrier (dBc); RF Pulse of on-off isolation of more than 110 dBc; DC voltage input of 28 volts DC; DC supply current of 12.5 amps RF to DC; and efficiency of 25 percent. The RF and microwave amplifier operates in temperatures from -40 to 65 degrees Celsius at the baseplate; operates in humidity of 0 to 95 percent non-condensing; offers resistance to the effects of operating shock and vibration per MIL-STD-810F; and operates at altitudes to 30,000 feet. The amplifier measures 9.6 by 6.8 by 2 inches, and weighs 5.5 pounds. For more information contact Comtech PST online at https://comtechpst.com. https://www.militaryaerospace.com/rf-analog/article/14295913/rf-and-microwave-power-amplifier-xband-radar
milstar: https://istokmw.ru/uploads/files/static/101/temnov_a.pdf Istok 2020
milstar: https://www.electronics.ru/files/article_pdf/8/article_8702_61.pdf
milstar: https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/capabilities/radar-sensors.html
milstar: https://www.cttinc.com/-/media/ctt/pdf/ctt-2022-catalog.pdf
milstar: X-Band 200W GaN Power Amplifier Using 2-Way Branch-Line Combiner for Satellite Communication https://journalsweb.org/siteadmin/upload/P115012.pdf
milstar: https://www.ampleon.com/documents/white-paper/AMP-WP-2016-0826.pdf Doherty Architectures in UHF White Paper
milstar: actual DPAs employ Class AB (Main) and Class C (auxiliary) bias conditions (hereafter referred to as AB-C DPA). Consequently, the characteristics and values of each DPA elements have to be carefully dimensioned and designed since they are strictly related to each other. Thanks to the huge work done by the scientific community, several innovations regarding the DPA have been introduced and validated, mostly devoted to finding advanced design methodologies to increase the achievable DPA performances. As an example, the existing theoretical gap between the B-B DPA and the AB-C DPA has been filled.16 In this article, the role of each elements used in a typical DPA architecture and how they have to be dimensioned, considering their mutual dependence, has been highlighted and clarified. https://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/17334-being-seventy-five-still-young--the-doherty-power-amplifier
milstar: mmWave phased array dimensions with typical λ/2 element spacings are very small (approximately 5 mm at 30 GHz to 1.9 mm at 80 GHz). Therefore, placing transmit and receive elements at the aperture is feasible and is nearly ideal for T/R electronics at lower mmWave frequencies using quad-channel MMICs and Silicon ICs. Communication arrays are well suited for these form factors with transmit power at less than 0.2 W/element where silicon technologies match the application. Phased array with transmit powers greater than 0.75 W/element require more sophistication in TR electronics and often require active cooling within the array. Fortunately, exotic cooling substrate materials and techniques are not required for power densities lower than 10 W/element. The total transmit power for small arrays is primarily limited by available prime power and the dissipated power in the form of heat generated from each element’s T/R amplifiers RF conversion efficiency. At mmWave frequencies, the factor limiting operation is typically heat dissipation. Power added efficiency at mmWave - established by semiconductor technology and circuit implementation - should be 5 percent or higher for a multi-stage MMIC amplifier. https://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/34087-mmwave-aesa-phased-arrays-and-mimo-radar-trends-aperture-to-data?page=2 Figure 4 illustrates a 64-element sub-array and vertically integrated assembly. Extensive reliability analysis (including solder stress and mechanical stress predictions) and environmental test verification offer a path to reliable automated assembly processes for IC integration. These small integrated arrays (38.1 x 38.1 x 20.3 mm) are assembled to withstand austere environments with reliable operation both mechanically and thermally. The use of commonly available organic substrates provides the opportunity to tailor array pattern variation with custom printed circuit board shapes (i.e. round, rectangular, octagonal, etc.). The GaN MMIC has fractional-power modes and may be scaled up in output transmit power to 8 W/element or more for array architectures with a limited number of elements. The array has a 120-degree field of view with 3 dB beam width of ± 5 degrees and less than 3 dB of scan loss at ± 60 degrees. The effective isotropic radiating power for a 256-element array is approximately 83.3 dBm (≥200 kW) with beam state switching speed of less than 2.5 µs. The radiating elements are circularly polarized, and the current demonstration array is half-duplex. Dual polarization configurations are also under development. The arrays are liquid cooled - with PAO or other suitable cooling liquids - to maintain a uniform temperature and low thermal gradients across the array. Integration of the Ka-Band AESA architecture is scalable into large arrays, or scalable down into arrays with fewer elements as shown in Figure 5.
milstar: to : https://guraran.ru/prezidiym_raran.html copy for information to ... re: 20-100 Гигагерц -АФАР Головки наведения ракет /АФАР 40-80х 40-80 мм 39 ггц в радиостанции бойца ? /Direct RF sampling 64 GSPS ADC полоса 6.4 Гигагерц Operation in 1st Nyquist zone up to 32 GHz /600 грамм РЛС с ситезированной апертурой c разрешающей способностью 44 миллиметра (!) , дальностью 1000 метров для беспилотника https://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/34087-mmwave-aesa-phased-arrays-and-mimo-radar-trends-aperture-to-data?page=2 Figure 4 illustrates a 64-element sub-array and vertically integrated assembly. Extensive reliability analysis (including solder stress and mechanical stress predictions) and environmental test verification offer a path to reliable automated assembly processes for IC integration. These small integrated arrays (38.1 x 38.1 x 20.3 mm) are assembled to withstand austere environments with reliable operation both mechanically and thermally. The use of commonly available organic substrates provides the opportunity to tailor array pattern variation with custom printed circuit board shapes (i.e. round, rectangular, octagonal, etc.). The GaN MMIC has fractional-power modes and may be scaled up in output transmit power to 8 W/element or more for array architectures with a limited number of elements. The array has a 120-degree field of view with 3 dB beam width of ± 5 degrees and less than 3 dB of scan loss at ± 60 degrees. The effective isotropic radiating power for a 256-element array is approximately 83.3 dBm (≥200 kW) with beam state switching speed of less than 2.5 µs. The radiating elements are circularly polarized, and the current demonstration array is half-duplex. Dual polarization configurations are also under development. The arrays are liquid cooled - with PAO or other suitable cooling liquids - to maintain a uniform temperature and low thermal gradients across the array. Integration of the Ka-Band AESA architecture is scalable into large arrays, or scalable down into arrays with fewer elements as shown in Figure 5. ---------------- 2024 Ka-band Compact AESA Antenna Unit Design for Seeker Ka-band high-output active phased array antenna device applicable to small radars and seekers was designed, and the improved performance was studied. The radiation device assembly consists of 1x8 arrangements, and the step flared notch antenna type. It shows low active reflection loss characteristics in broadband, and low loss characteristics by applying the air-strip feeding structure, and is designed to enable beam steering up to 45 degrees. The TRM(transmit receive module) output power is more than 2.0W per channel using GaN HPA in the transmitting path, and satisfies more than 25.0 dB gain and less than 6.0 dB noise figure in the receiving path. Accordingly, the Effective Isotropically Radiated Power(EIRP) of the antenna unit shows the performance of 0.00 dB or more and the receive gain-to-noise temperature ratio(G/T) of 0.00 dB/k or more. For demonstration, we have designed aforementioned planar array antenna which consists of 64 radiating elements having a size within 130 mm x 130 mm x 300 mm and weight of less than 4.9 kg https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202408557740646.pdf ------ AESA Antennas for Ka band Satellite Communication https://www.proceedings.kaconf.com/papers/2018/bsw_5.pdf ------------- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5840 . Results Discussion Finally, a W-Band active phased array miniaturized SAR is fabricated by using commercial chips and 3D integration technology, as shown in Figure 13a. The antennas, RF components, digital circuits, and global positioning system (GPS) are designed into a compact cube. The W-Band active phased array antenna and the beam control circuit are arranged on the top of the module. The LFM source and IF receiver are packaged in the middle layer at the bottom of the mini-SAR GPS, and digital circuits are assembled. The signal transmission between multiple layers is realized by the interconnection technology of vertical transmission lines, including transmitting signals, receiving intermediate frequency signals, control signals, power supply, etc. The prototype APA mini-SAR weighs 600 g, and its size is 69 mm × 82 mm × 87 mm, with a power consumption of 36 watts. Figure 13. The W-Band APA mini-SAR and the photography on UAV. (a) The prototype of the W-Band APA mini-SAR. (b) The W-Band APA mini-SAR on the UAV platform. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/22/5840 Figure 14. Comparison between APA mini-SAR image and the optical image. (a) W-Band active phased array miniaturized SAR image. (b) The optical image from Google Maps. ----------------- https://static1.squarespace.com/static/669594b1c4a2e27f8d88de0e/t/66fb0a01309ebf1cfe958d65/1727728143962/Product+Brief+Electra+Q ADC & DAC conversion rates from 40 to 64 GSPS Operation in 1st Nyquist zone up to 32 GHz ADC & DAC directly digitize frequencies through 36 GHz Broad instantaneous bandwidth, up to 6.4 GHz Scalable decimation and interpolation from 8 to 1024 Jariet Proprietary compensation optimizes spectral purity Dual configurable channels enable multiple architectures Integrated digital up & down conversion Applications Military & Aerospace: Radar, EW, EA, ISR, ELINT, Communications, Satellite Commercial: 5G Base Station, Microwave Back-haul, Test & Measurement Equipment, Radiometry, Satellite, Quantum Phased array antennas Direct RF-Sampling at microwave frequencies https://www.jariettech.com/ https://www.jariettech.com/electra
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