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milstar: 8923H TWT �� Frequency: 30–31 / 33–36 / 43.5–45.5 GHz �� Psat (min.): 300 W / 380 W / 175 W �� DC in (max): 780 W / TBD / 550 W �� Dissipation (max): 480 W / TBD / 380 W �� Size: 2.8” x 2.3” x 12.0” �� Weight: < 4 lbs ############### Note: Different voltages required for Ka and Q band operation http://www.l-3com.com/eti/downloads/military/8923H.pdf Military and Telecommunications Products High Power MMW Helix TWT Product Listing http://www.l-3com.com/eti/product_lines_military_twt.htm
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milstar: U.S. Official Calls Russian Radar Good, but Not Exact Enough for Tracking Plan Published: November 5, 2007http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/05/world/europe/05missile.html?ei=5088&en=9cc28be405545181&ex=1351918800&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all WASHINGTON, Nov. 3 — To block American proposals for building missile defenses in Europe, President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia surprised the White House in June with a counteroffer to let the United States use one of the Kremlin’s most secret early-warning radars. That Russian radar, in Azerbaijan, a neighbor of Iran, has since been a central focus of negotiations between Washington and Moscow. But much about it had remained mysterious. Now, the first American military officer to visit the Russian radar said Friday that he came away with three significant impressions. The radar is huge, almost twice the size of a similar American system. Despite its reliance on outdated vacuum-tube technology, 1. PAE GaAS/GAN na 10 ghz 50% ,wische etoj chastoti rezko padaet . ############################################## W AFAR MMIC blocki raspolozenni ne dalsche polovini dlinni wolni na 10 ghz = 3 sm/2 = 1.5 sm Esli wzjat' 100 000 blochkow po 100 watt (SBX thinned array ,ta mmesche) to nado otwesti 10 megawatt teplowoj moschnosti Na 35 ghz tak kak PAE GaAS/GaN 25-30 % sootw w 3 raza bolsche ############################################## Eto wesma ne prostaja zadacha ###################### 2. Na 10 Ghz mozno realizowat' polosu 1000 mhz ( 25-30 sm razreschenie ) na 35 GHz 2000 mhz (10-12 sm razreschenie ) 3. Lutschie amerikanskie radari na 35/94 Ghz lampovie MMW, Warlok 4. Soetskaja texnologija na 35 ghz 1 megawatt realizowanna w rls RUZA 5. Mnenie predstwitelja Pentagona grubo tendeziozno ,mozet on predstawljet lobby poluprowodnikowj industrii which is designed for very precise tracking and focusing on targets. ...focusing -eto odno iz ljubimix slow ,kogda adressujut massi Despite the system’s older technology, “I was impressed by what I saw,” General O’Reilly said. “It would be a false impression to dismiss the capabilities they have. They just chose another way of achieving it. It is an excellent radar for the case of early warning.” USA MMW 35/94 -lampi ################# . The American radar is intended to track specific targets and then precisely guide an interceptor to destroy a warhead, something the Russian radar cannot do, since it was designed to scan larger areas but with less detail, he said. Psokolku razresch.sposbnost' zawisit ot polosi i sootw nesuschej -lutschee reschenie lampi Russian military technology is known for designs that are super-size, an outgrowth of Soviet strategy in which a centrally planned economy could push huge sums of rubles to the military to counter American technological superiority. Amerikanskie sistemi F-22 - mnogie desjatki mlrd $ na razrabotku sotimost' programmi 65 mlrd $ ( zakupleno mensche 200 samoletow) Ne deschewle ########### While American military technology adopted solid-state semiconductor electronics decades ago, Eto ne znachit chto poluprow. texnologii lutsche wo wsex primenenijax . I lampi i GaAs/GaN imejut swoi + i - Ot zadach ... the Russian radar still operates using vacuum tubes, General O’Reilly said. He noted that Russia had improved tube technology far beyond where the United States had taken it before moving to electrical semiconductors Toze i w USA lampowie radari 35/94 MMW,Warlok
milstar: dlja sprawki RUZA rls npo radiofizika 35 ghz 1 megawatt ,40 kw .metrow apperturi Na bolee wisokix chastotax mirowoj rekord werojatno nize RF measurements at pulse duration of a few milliseconds yielded an RF output power of 1.15 MW at a beam current of 40 A and a beam voltage of 84 W. Depressed collector operation has been possible up to decelerating voltages of 33 kV without any reduction of the output power. Long pulse operation (10 s at 1 MW) was possible without any signs of a limitation caused by the tube. For this output power the efficiency of the tube could be increased from about 30% without to about 50% with depression voltage. The best performance reached so far has produced an energy per pulse as high as 90 MJ (power 0.64 MW, pulse length 140 s) which is the highest value achieved in gyrotrons operating at this frequency and power level. The pulse-length limitations so far are mainly due to the external system. http://www.mpg.de/english/researchResults/researchPublications/researchReports/HTP/200306_101.shtml foto na linke W woennix primenenijax poka realizowanno 35 i 94 ghz ( MMW ,Warlok radar) Passivnie elementi dlja PFAR toze do 94 ghz (ranee priwodil)
milstar: http://radar-www.nrl.navy.mil/navbar/Research%20Programs/Warloc.html Nize top woennij resultat dlja 94 ghz ,moschnsot' lampi wische chem w MMW na 94 ghz,no appertura w 7 raz mensche diametrom The NRL WARLOC (W-band Advanced Radar for Low Observable Control) radar is being developed as a transportable, land- or sea-based system, using a high-power Gyro-Klystron, quasi-optical transmission line and duplexer components, a Cassegrain antenna, and associated receiver and signal processor subsystems. The complete system will be housed in two trailers, 40 by 8 feet and 20 by 8 feet respectively, and a system block diagram is shown in theFigure. Radar Parameter Value Unit Frequency 93-95 GHz Bandwidth 600 MHz Peak Power 80 kW Average Power 10 kW Antenna Diameter 6 ft Antenna Gain 63 dB Polarization HOR/VERT Az and El Monopulse Yes Transmit Loss 1.5 dB Receive Loss 0.5 dB Noise Figure 5-6 dB
milstar: 1.Conventional, electronically scanned, phased arrays are not yet practical for millimeter-wave applications. The center-to-center element spacing, 0.060 inches at W-band (94 GHz) and 0.100 inches at V-band (60 GHz) and 0.200 inches at Ka-band (35 GHz), is not conducive to the packaging of ############################################################################################## such arrays. ######### http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-apg-aesa.htm 2. Passive ferrite phase shifters above Ka-band (35 GHz) have only recently become available and are generally lossy, current controlled devices and active transceiver modules are in their infancy of development. W-band transmit/receive module electronically scanned array antennas are not feasible with conventional technology. ne wo wsem werno ,smotri nize ############# 4.2 Ferrite Phase Shifters EMS Technologies has over 30 years experience in the design of passive feed networks and ferrite components. Our custom designs give the best combination of size, loss, and power handling. Table 1 shows typical RF performance for phase shifters in frequency ranges of interest for communications and radar applications. Switching times are typically in the range of 2-5 ìs and the phase shifters can be switched at rates in the tens of thousands of switching events per second. As discussed below, phase shifter setting resolution and accuracy is the main determinant of beam pointing accuracy. EMS phase shifters and drivers can achieve phase resolution up to 10 bits (0.35°) and phase accuracy up to 3° RMS depending on driver selection. Table 1: Typical performance of EMS ferrite phase shifters in various frequency bands Frequency (GHz) Insertion Loss (dB) Return Loss (dB) Power Handling (W) http://www.emsdss.com/pdf/PassivePhasedArraysApNote.pdf Helix TWTs are used in Electronic Warfare systems like the ALQ-184 Electronic Attack Pod on the F-16 and the AN/SLQ-32 on U.S. Navy ships. Gyrotrons are even more impressive in their output power at high frequencies. Tests in March of 2005 at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Greifswald, Germany of a CPI manufactured gyrotron, the VGT-8141, produced nearly 900 kW of output power, at a frequency of 140 GHz, for 30-minute pulses.
milstar: http://www.cpii.com/docs/datasheets/30/vgt8141.pdf The VGT-8141 gyrotron delivers continuous wave (CW) output power levels up to 900 kW at a frequency of 140 GHz for electron cyclotron heating and current drive in fusion plasmas. wsego 2.29 metra
milstar: The MMW, shown in Figure 5, became operational at Ka-band (35 GHz) in 1983, and Wband (95.48 GHz) in 1985, sharing a paraboloidal antenna with a diameter of forty-five feet. Both systems initially featured wideband waveforms of 1000- MHz spread generated by linear FM, and achieved 0.28-m range resolution. The transmitted pulse width is 50 ¦Ìsec at a maximum pulse-repetition rate of 2000 pulses per second. The initial peak power at Ka-band was 60 kW and at W-band was 1.6 kW. ################################# A major thrust in the evolution of the MMW radar has been to demonstrate the feasibility of candidate ################################## real-time discrimination algorithms required for fire control and guidance of hit-to-kill BMD interceptors. #################################### To this end, the radar was designed with a rigid mount and narrow beam to provide precise angle metric accuracy (¡Ü50 ¦Ìradians). http://www.ll.mit.edu/publications/journal/pdf/vol12_no2/12_2widebandradar.pdf A second 35-GHz tube was also added, which doubled the average transmitted power ########################### . These modifications increased the signal pulse detection range on a one-square-meter target to over two thousand kilometers. ####################################### t.e. 13.5 metrow antenna s schir. luscha 0.042 na 35 ghz (ili 0.014 na 95 ghz) ,120 kwt peak power in 35 ghz dalnost' dlja 1 kw .metra epr -2000 km System bandwidth was also increased to 2 GHz, resulting in a range resolution of about 0.10 m. T.e. dowedenie polosi do 8-10% ot nesuschej ( w c band 5.6 ghz s polosoj 500 mgz ,razr -0.5 metra) pozwolit poluchit razreschenie do 2.5 sm w 95 ghz ( chitat' nomer na maschine 1 sm) Pri wipolnennii antenni PFAR wmesto Cassegr .tochnost (shirina lucha ) budet padat' ####################################################### Nel'zja wse celi dostignut# srazu odnim metodom ################################## Kombinazija diapzonow i antenn AFAR/PFAR i cassegr. Wisokoj nadeznosti srawnimoj s afar ,mozno dostich' ispolzowaniem reservnix lamp ( 4 lampi 4 kr. rezerwazija ) GaAS/GaN poka pokazali resultati w SBX Radar (10ghz) .No tam ne polnaja AFAR 68000 MMIC na 400 kw .metrow Dlja srawnenija na 9.2 kw metrow THAAD 25344 GaAS Bistro prekljuchaetsja, no shirokij luch ,wische yrowen' parazitnix luchej
milstar: Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûé âàðèàíò íàçåìíîé ÐËÑ «Ðóçà», ðàáîòàâøåé íà ÷àñòîòå 34 ÃÃö, êîòîðàÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ïåðâîìó îêíó àòìîñôåðíîé ïðîçðà÷íîñòè, áûë ñîçäàí è óñïåøíî èñïûòàí â êîíöå 80õ - íà÷àëå 90õ ãîäîâ [12*]. Îêîíå÷íûìè êàñêàäàìè óñèëèòåëüíûõ öåïî÷åê ïåðåäàò÷èêà ÐËÑ ÿâëÿëèñü ìîùíûå ãèðîêëèñòðîíû ñ ðàáî÷èì òèïîì êîëåáàíèé TEo2i îòêðûòûõ ðåçîíàòîðîâ áîëüøîãî ïîïåðå÷íîãî ñå÷åíèÿ, êîòîðûå îáåñïå÷èâàëè ýôôåêòèâíîå óñèëåíèå ñèãíàëà ïðè óðîâíÿõ âûõîäíîé ìîùíîñòè ïîðÿäêà 500-700 êÂò â ïîëîñå ÷àñòîò 250-300 ÌÃö [13*, 14*]. Neobxodimo 2000 mgz na 34 ghz - razreschajuschaja sposobsnost' budet 10 sm Pri 10 ghz realizuemo 1000 mgz http://planetadisser.com/see/dis_28535.html
milstar:  ïåðèîä ñ 1997ã. ïî 2000ã. Âîåííî-ìîðñêîé ëàáîðàòîðèåé ÑØÀ (Naval Research Laboratory) ïðîâîäèëàñü ðàçðàáîòêà ÐËÑ êîðîòêîâîëíîâîé ÷àñòè ÌÌÄÂ, êîòîðàÿ âïîñëåäñòâèè ïîëó÷èëà íàçâàíèå WARLOC [15*]. ÐËÑ WARLOC ðàáîòàëà íà ÷àñòîòå 94 ÃÃö, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé âòîðîìó îêíó àòìîñôåðíîé ïðîçðà÷íîñòè.  êà÷åñòâå îêîíå÷íîãî êàñêàäà óñèëèòåëüíîé öåïî÷êè ïåðåäàò÷èêà ñòàíöèè èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ ïÿòèðåçîíàòîðíûé ãèðîêëèñòðîí VGB-8194 SN2 ñ ðàáî÷èì òèïîì êîëåáàíèé ðåçîíàòîðîâ ÒÅÎö, èìåþùèé âûõîäíóþ èìïóëüñíóþ ìîùíîñòü 100 êÂò, ñðåäíþþ ìîùíîñòü 10 êÂò, ÊÏÄ 31%, êîýôôèöèåíò óñèëåíèÿ 33 äÁ è ïîëîñó ÷àñòîò 700 ÌÃö [16* + 20*]. Äàëüíîñòü äåéñòâèÿ ÐËÑ ñîñòàâëÿåò ëèøü 40 êì (ïðè ðàçìåðàõ öåëè ïîðÿäêà îäíîãî ìåòðà), ÷òî îáóñëîâëåíî ñèëüíûì çàòóõàíèåì èçëó÷åíèÿ ýòîãî äèàïàçîíà â àòìîñôåðå. originalno w rabote http://www.ieee-aess.org/docs/t-aes/sept2008/4431102.pdf 30 nmi(55km) km pri yglax elevazii blizkix k 0 360 nmi pri yglax elevazii 30 grad dlja image
milstar: Power levels of up to 180 kW, 30 dB gain and 10% bandwidth were achieved in a 35 GHz gyro-TWT ##################################### Dlja 35 ghz polosa 3500 mgz ,t.e. razreschajuschaja sposobnost' menee 6 santimetrow ####################################################### using a helically corrugated cylindrical interaction structure [6]. Although these are very impressive advances, they face significant obstacles in extension to operation at higher frequency, such as 95 GHz at high average power. http://www.psfc.mit.edu/research/wab/pdf/ConfocalGyro-TWT%20PRL_90_258302_2003.pdf
milstar: a peak output power of 100 kWcan be generated at 140 GHz with 38 dB saturated gain and 28% efficiency. The theoretically predicted constant drive saturated bandwidth is 4 GHz. This work was supported by the Department of Defense under the MURI Innovative MicrowaveVacuum Electronics Program. The authors thank Kenneth Kreischer of Northrop Grumman Corp. for his suggestions during the design and the operation of the experiments and Ivan Mastovsky and William Mulligan for their help in running the experiments. rjad russkix familij - Temkin ,Mastowskij ... Biwschie "Istok" ?
milstar: W knige Radar 2008 online (nelzja kopirowat#,mozno chitat#)) glawa 10 Russkaja kompanij Istok wipuskaet MBK w S(2-4 ghz) diapazone wesom bez magnita 25 kg 36 luchej ,12 kilowatt srednej moschnsoti ,600 kilowatt pikowoj ,6.5% polosi ot neuschej http://www.scribd.com/doc/17534290/Chapter-10-The-Radar-Transmitter 24 luchewoj mbk(multi beam klystron) dlja x diapazona 24 luchewoj MBK(multi beam klystron) 17 kwt srednej ,200kwt pikowoj ,6% ot nesuschej(500 mgz) wes 16 kg ,effektiwnost' w rajone 65%
milstar: tam ze helix twt ochen' schirokopolsnie (primer w nachale thread) no ogranichenni po moschnsoti do neskolkix kwt
milstar: Power levels of up to 180 kW, 30 dB gain and 10% bandwidth were achieved in a 35 GHz gyro-TWT using a helically corrugated cylindrical interaction structure [6] [6] G.G. Denisov et al., in Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on IRMM Waves (Ref. [2]), p. 197. http://www.psfc.mit.edu/research/wab/pdf/ConfocalGyro-TWT%20PRL_90_258302_2003.pdf The first demonstration of zerodrive stable single-mode amplification in this highly overmoded gyro-TWT is a promising development for building high average-power ( 100 kW) amplifiers in ( ( t.e. pikowoj moschnost#ju megawatt na 94 ghz) the W band and beyond. Such devices may be very useful for W-band radar and communication.
milstar: Warlok lampa At low duty factor, the amplifier produced up to 118-kW peak output power at 600-MHz bandwidth At high duty factor 10.1-kW average output power and 420-MHz bandwidth were achieved at 11% RF duty factor with an efficiency of 33.5%. At different magnetic field settings, the device produced 600-MHz instantaneous bandwidth with 5-kW average power and 50-kW peak power. These results represent world-record–setting performance for an amplifier at this frequency. T.e. na 94 ghz poka ogranichenija po chastote . 3500 mgz kak w rabote Denisova na 35 ghz/180 kwt pikowoj poka net ################################################################## Bez extrapoljazii 3500 mgz eto razreschaja sposobnost' 6-7 sm ´Dlja togo chtobi chitat' nomera na maschine nuzno 1 sm Chem wische tochnost' ,tem wische schans razlichija boeogolowki ot tjazeloj loznoj celi ########################################################## A low-duty-factor prototype of a W-band gyrotwystron has demonstrated 50-kW peak output power and 925-MHz FWHM bandwidth, and calculations of projected performance with the present electron gun design are for 1.4-GHz bandwidth at 80-kW peak power level [42]. For bandwidths greater than 2 GHz, gyro-TWT amplifiers are under investigation by a number of researchers [43]–[45], and there is ample reason to be optimistic about the future development of high average power versions of gyro-TWT’s in the millimeter-wave band http://www.ireap.umd.edu/Theory/Publications/pub2000-11.pdf
milstar: A variety of radar applications require the development of high-power millimeter-wave amplifiers such as gyroklystrons. Precision tracking of targets is often best accomplished with high-frequency ############################################# radars [7]. The imaging of space objects, such as missiles, asteroids, space debris, and satellites, also requires the use of high-power millimeter-wave radars [8]–[13]. ################################### These radar applications have resulted in continuing interest in gyrotron amplifiers, including their many variants, such as the gyroklystron, gyrotwystron, and gyro-traveling wave tube (TWT). Of the many types of gyro-amplifiers that have been investigated in experimental low-average power devices, the most common type usually considered for radar application is the gyroklystron [14], [15]. http://www.ireap.umd.edu/Theory/Publications/pub2000-11.pdf
milstar: Abstract: A state-of-the-art gyro-TWT amplifier operating in the low loss TE01 mode has been developed with the objective of producing an average power of 140 kW in the W-Band with a predicted efficiency of 28%, 50dB gain, and 5% bandwidth. (4700 mgz -! na 94 ghz - 5 sm razreschajuschaja sposobnost' bez band extrapoljazion) ########################################################### The primary objective is to increase the bandwidth of W-band gyrotron amplifiers to several percent by employing a stable high performance gyro-TWT circuit. The amplifier was developed for the extremely important electromagnetic W-Band for future DoD millimeter-wave applications, in particular for the WARLOC radar. ###################################################################### Our innovative amplifier has further improved upon the characteristics of the recent NRL-industry high average power W-Band TE01 gyro-klystron and gyro- #################################################################################################### twstron amplifiers. ############ The bandwidth has been increased by nearly an order of magnitude. ############################################# The suppression of gyro-BWO oscillation was a critical factor in the design of the TErn gyro-TWT. However, it should be noted that this negative- feedback interaction can be very useful by itself. In particular, a dual mode gyro-BWO has been designed to yield high power in the W-Band over a broad bandwidth, which will provide vital capability for future ECM applications. The two tuning modes of our gyro-BWO are fast tuning by changing the cathode voltage and slow tuning by changing the magnetic field. It will utilize much of the TEO gyroTWT circuit. The tapered device is predicted to generate 10 kW near 94 GHz with over 10% tuning and 20% efficiency. http://www.stormingmedia.us/45/4536/A453614.html http://www.stormingmedia.us/45/4536/A453614.html
milstar: http://www.psfc.mit.edu/research/wab/pdf/confocal_gyrotwt-1.pdf
milstar: Examples of current millimetre wave defence radar systems • EDT-FILA (Brazil) fire-control system 8-40 GHz • Small Fred (Russian Federation and associated states (CIS) ground surveillance 20-40 GHz • SNAR-10 (CIS) surveillance 20-40 GHz • TOR (CIS) surface-to-air missile system 20-40 GHz • Cross Swords (CIS) missile fire control 20-40 GHz • Gukol-4 (CIS) weather/navigation 20-40 GHz • Systema (CIS) airborne millimetric surveillance, search and rescue, landing aid 100 GHz • Romeo II (France) obstacle avoidance 40-100 GHz • EL/M-2221 (Israel) multi-function search, track and guidance/gunnery 27-40 GHz • ASADS (Netherlands) anti-aircraft gun fire-control 35 GHz • FLYCATCHER Mk2 (Netherlands) dual band I/K band air defence • SPEAR (Netherlands) low level air defence fire-control 35 GHz • LIROD (Netherlands) fire control and surveillance system 20-40 GHz • STING (Netherlands) fire control 20-40 GHz • STIR (Netherlands) tracking and illumination 20-40 GHz • Eagle (Sweden) air defence fire-control 20-40 GHz Flycatcher Mk2 http://www.q-par.com/corporate/marketing/millimetric-wave-radars-in-defence-surveillance-presentation.pdf
milstar: Examples of current millimetre wave defence radar systems • Longbow (US) millimetric 94 GHz fire control • Battlefield Combat Identification Systems BCIS (US) all-weather question-and-answer battlefield identification system 38 GHz band • AN/SPN-46(V) (US) ship borne precision approach and landing system 20-40 GHz • AN/APQ-175 (US) airborne multi-mode 20-40 GHz • Surveilling Miniature Attack Cruise Missile SMACM (US) tri-mode seeker 94 GHz • Airborne Data Acquisition System ADAS (UK) F, I and J bands, 35 GHz and 94 GHz • Maritime Clifftop Radar MCR (UK) F, I and J bands, 35 GHz and 94 GHz • Mobile Instrumented Data Acquisition System MIDAS (UK) F, I and J bands, 35 GHz and 94 GHz • Type 282 (UK) tracking and ranging for test sites 20-40 GHz • MARCAL (UK) muzzel velocity 20-40 GHz • Type 911 (UK) surface to air missile tracking 40-100 GHz • W800 (UK) ground based surveillance FM-CW radar 77 GHz • TARSIER (UK) ground based surveillance 94 GHz W800 (UK) ground based surveillance FM-CW radar 77 GHz • TARSIER (UK) ground based surveillance 94 GHz
milstar: Longbow™ system comprised of 94 GHz fire control radar (FCR) and “fire-and-forget” HELLFIRE missile system • Fielded on US Army Apache AH-64 and British Army WAH-64 Attack Helicopter • Moving target detection to >8 km range, stationary targets to >6 km range • Target identification (non-cooperative) to class (such as tracked, wheeled etc ) Longbow™ system courtesy of Lockheed Martin/Northrop Grumman
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